Electric circuits for railway signaling.



PA'TEN'I'ED JULY 11, 1905. a; w. SPANG.

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS FOR RAILWAY SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 30. 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1. V

W/ TN E SSE S Ill No. 794,195. PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

H. W. SPANG. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS FOR RAILWAY SIGNALING.

uruonron FILED SEPT. 30.1902.

3 sums-45111131 2.

, I A w/messss: J INVENTOI? I an J. A TTORNEYS hwv 0 9 1 L 1 Y L U J D ET N B T A P N A P S W E 5w 9 1w 4 9 7 O. N

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS FOR RAILWAY SIGNALING.

' APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 80. 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.-

7 P M A TTOHNEYS WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES Patented July 11, 1905.

PATENT OEEIcE.

HENRY W. SPANG, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TOCHARLES H. KETOHAM. OF YONKERS, NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS FOR RAILWAY SIGNALING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Paten N0. 794,195, dated July 11,1905.

Application filed September 30, 1902. Serial No. 125,372.

To all lull/0712, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY W. SPANG, acitizen of the United States, and aresident of New York city,in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ElectricCircuits for Railway Signaling, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates particularly to that class of electrictrack-circuits in which a relay or electromagnet is energized and asafetysignal given to an engineer ata fixed point at a suitable distanceahead of or at the near end of a section of railway-track when the railsof such section of railway are not occupied by another locomotive ortrain, the said rails serving as the principal electric conductorsbetween such magnet connected therewith at one end and a generator atthe opposite end of such section.

My invention consists in the combination of a guard-circuit consistingof two lines of rails of a block-section or other suitable conductors, acontrolling magnet or magnets, a sectional generator and two independentmetallic and two ground circuits formed over connections with twometallic return-conductors and ground connections taken from saidcircuit at its opposite ends at points respectively between the sectionsof generator and between coils of the controlling magnet or magnets.

It further consists in the combination of a guard-circuit, a portionthereof being upon the rolling equipment and including a controllingmagnet or magnets terminating in wheels of different trucks insulatedfrom each other in the rolling equipment and a portion thereof beingupon the permanent way, including two lines of rails of a block-sectionconnected at one end with a sectional generator and at opposite end withinsulated rails located ahead of said block-section and two independentmetallic and two ground circuits formed over connections with twometallic return-conductors and ground connections taken from saidcircuit at its opposite ends at points respectively between the sectionsof generator and between the coils of the controlling magnet or magnetsupon the rolling equipment.

It further consists in the combination of an electric track-circuitconsisting of tWo lines of rails of a block-section connected withgenerator, resistances, four insulated rails or short track-sections,and a controlling magnet or magnets along the permanent way so arrangedthat normally said magnet or magnets are inoperative in a closedcircuit; but when the resistances are shortcircuited by the wheels andaxles of a locomotive or car bridging the said insulated rails themagnet or magnets will be fully energized and a safety-signal given.

It further consists in a compound relay magnet or magnets upon therolling equipment which control a signal-circuit or signal thereon, andin which the armature lever or levers is or are moved in one directionby an electro magnet or magnets which terminate in the wheels of therolling equipment and insulated from each other, forming portion of aguardcircuit and which is energized in connection with a portion of aguard-circuit along the permanent way consisting of a generatorconnected to two insulated rails or short sections of rail, and saidlever or levers is or are moved in the opposite direction by an electromagnet or magnets energized by a generator upon the rolling equipment.

It further consists in the combination, with a guard-circuit on thepermanent way consisting of a controlling magnet or magnets, two linesof rails of a block-section, a sectional generator, two groundedconductors connected with said circuit at points between the sections ofgenerator and between magnet-coils or magnets, of a track-circuit closeradapted to establish a shunt or branch around said magnet or magnets anda partial circuit on the rolling equipment containing a controllingmagnet or magnets terminating in wheels adapted to include the magnet ormagnets on so as to provide each of said coils or magnets with anindependent metallic and ground circuit. i

It further consists in the novel arrangements and combinations ofdevices and connecting-conductors, as herein shown'and described, andspecifically set forth in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating oneform of my invention as applied to one track of a double-track system inwhich the train always moves in one direction, as indicated by thearrow, the second or return track not being illustrated herein. Figs. 2and 3 are modifications thereof. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of alocomotive and adjacent car, illustrating the portion of electriccircuit thereon; and Fig. 5 illustrates two controlling-magnetstherefor, and Fig. 6 illustrates a modification of ground connection.

Similar reference characters are used to designate like parts in all theviews.

- A is a section of track, which may be a mile long, more or less, andhaving its rails insulated or separated from metallic contact with therails of the adjacent sections B and C, as shown at a and a. Rails R Rconstitute section of track A, and rails R R R R R R R R constitute theadjacent section B. Each line of rails R R of section A and R R R R ofsection B should have metallic continuity throughout its length by meansof suitable metallic bonds or connectors at the rail-joints thereof.Rails R R 11 R of section B are connected together by metallicconnectors 9' and 1 Rails R*R" RR are insulated or separated from eachother, and their insulations or separations are preferably directlyopposite each other. Each of said rails can be a single rail or two ormore bonded rails, according to the distance employed between wheelsGrand G of the rolling equipment moving on said rails. Wheels G areinsulated from G in any suitable way. Preferably they are wheelsbelonging to different trucks of a tender or car on train of cars'andare thus insulated from one another. Short sections R R R R consist ofone or more insulated rails, and centers of rails R R are at suchdistance from centers of rails R R that when wheels G engage the rails RR wheels G will engage R' R. When said rails are bridged by said wheels,they constitute a railway-track-circuit closer for momentarilycompleting or closing a circuit or circuits. In Fig. 1 the rails R, R,R, and R in connection with wheels G G and axles g 9, constitute acircuit-closer for magnet M along the permanent way, and in Figs. 1 and2 the rails R and R, in connection with wheels Gr Gr, constitute acircuit-closer for the controlling magnet or magnets on locomotive.(Shown in Figs. 4 and 5.) Such insulated rails are preferably selectedat a suitable point ahead of the near end a of section of track A, sothat when wheels G G of locomotive and tender tive in a closed circuit.

or of a car or cars moving indirection of arrow contact respectivelywith said rails and section of track A is clear a safety-signal will begiven at a safe distance ahead of the near end thereof, either along thepermanent way or upon a locomotive, or both.

D D D D are gravity batteries or cells or other generators connected inseries multiple or in any other suitable manner with the trackcircuitand arranged in two sections, so that connections can be made betweenthem and thereby constituting a sectional generator.

M, Fig. 1, M, Fig. 2, and M M Fig. 3, are relay-magnets of suitable typelocated along the permanent Way and consisting of coils m m m m and 172m connected by wires 20, w, and 20 and armature-levers Z, Z, and Z whichmove in one direction, and contact, respectively, with stops S, S and Swhen said coils are energized, and in opposite direction by gravity orsprings, or both, and contact with stops S, S and S when said coils aredeenergized Magnet M, Fig. 1, is located at a suitable point between enda of section A and rails R R R R of section B and is in a normallyclosed circuit, but inoperative, and when fully energized lever Zcontacts with stop S and closes circuit of signal-battery H oversignal-magnet O, which can be employed in connection with suitablecircuitclosing mechanism similar to that shown in application bearingSerial No. 120,447, filed August 21, 1902, by which a signal-circuit canbe closed for a suitable period of time after magnet M has beenmomentarily energized and a safety-signal given for such period of time,the signal controlled by magnet 0 being normally at danger in an opencircuit. Magnet M, Fig. 2, is in a constant circuit and when deenergizedlever l contacts with stop S and closes circuit of signal-battery H oversignal-magnet O and causes a danger-signal to be given, the signalcontrolled by magnet Obeing normally at safety in an open circuit.

K K, Fig. 1, are resistances, and their object is to render magnet Mnormallyinopera- They will also serve as impedance or choke coils andwill cause the induced electricity of rails R R of section A during athunder-storm to discharge over the adjacent ties, ballast, and earth,and specially over the ground connections Eat end a of section A,simultaneously with lightning discharges taking place in line withadjacent or even remote points and not over magnet M along the permanentway. It is obvious that said resistances can be employed as solenoid ormagnet coils for current-indicating purposes for either line of rails RR, or both. They can also be combined, as in one coil, but with each ofthe two coils in an independent leg ofa circuit, and such coils can thenjointly operate a single-current indicator or signal-controlling magnet.

E, E, and E are ground connections or systems, each consisting,preferably, of a suitable numberof iron pipes driven well into permanentmoisture or otherwise well embedded in well-saturated earth andconnected together by conductor or conductors a. They should afford muchbetter electrical continuity with the earth than that afforded by eitherof the lines of rails of section A or B in connection with the woodenties, ballast, and adjacent surface earth, and especially during themoist condition thereof.

F F are wires or other conductors of good conductivity extending along atraclccircuit or any desired number of consecutive trackcircuits and areconnected by branch conductors ff with the sections of generators andwith connecting-wires between controlling magnet-coils or magnets ofsuch track-circuits and also with wires (1 and their ground connections,as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or wires F F can be connected directly withwires 0 and ground connections, as shown in Fig. 6. employed asadditional return metallic conductors, they can be insulated from theearth. They can also be utilized by the consecutive circuits of thesecond or return track of a double-track system, either as groundedreturn metallic conductors or solely as return metallic conductors.During a thunder-storm the induced electricity of the track-circuits ofall or any number of consecutive blocksections will be able to dischargeprincipally through the batteries at ends a to conductors F F, andthence to the earth via the multiplicity of ground connectionssimultaneously with lightning discharges taking place in line withrailway or adjacent points, and thereby protect the controlling-relaysfrom damage by such induced charges. The said grounded conductors canalso be utilized in connection with lightning-arresters required forsuch track or guard circuits and other electrical circuits employedalong the railway for the movement of trains or other purposes.

In Fig. 1 the batteries D D D D, in connection with resistances K K andmagnet M, are in a constant closed circuit with said magnet normallyinoperative, and when a short circuit for said resistances is closed bywheels G Gr and axles g g bridging rails R R R R and section A is clearmagnet M will be fully energized and a safety-signal given by closingcircuit of battery H over magnet O. The coils m m of magnet M will thennot only be in a complete metallic circuit embracing both batteries D DD D and both lines of rails R R of section A, but each coil will be inan independent metallic and ground circuit, one independent metallic andground circuit consisting of batteries D D, line of rails R, Wire 3,insulated rail R wheels G and axle g, rail R, wire 5, coil on, wire 9,wire F, and ground connections E E the other independent me- WVhen theconductors F F are solely 7 tallic and ground circuit consisting of wire10, coil m, wire 6, rail R", wheels G and axle g, rail R wire 1, line ofrails R, wire 1, batteries D D wire F, and ground connections E E.

By employing magnet M along the permanent way, with wires F F and groundconnections E E with rails of section A, as shown in Fig. 2, each coil mand m will be in an independent metallic circuit and ground-circuitembracing a line of rails, a grounded conductor, and a section ofbattery, and at the same time both coils will be in the usual metallictrack-circuit consisting of both lines of rails R R and all thebattery-cells.

By substituting two relay-magnets M. M controlling a signal-circuit andsignal,in place of magnet M, Fig. 1, or M, Fig. 2, and connecting wires9 and 10 with wire 19, connecting said magnets, as shown in Fig. 3, eachmagnet will be in an independent metallic and ground circuit inconnection with a line of rails, two battery-cells, and a groundedconductor, while at the same time both magnets will be in the usualmetallic circuit embracing both lines of rails R R andall thebatterycells. Signal-magnet O can only be energized by battery H whenboth relays M and M are simultaneously energized in connection with thetrack-circuit of Fig. 1. When employed in connection with thetrack-circuit of Fig. 2, both relays will be normally energized and adanger-signal will be given when either relay is deenergized.

Magnet-coil m, Fig. 1, coil m", Fig. 2, and magnet M Fig. 3, inconnection with batterycells D D, can utilize not only groundconnections E E, but any desired number of other ground connectionsconnected with conductor F, especially as shown in Fig. 6, While coil m,Fig. 1, coil 721 Fig. 2, and magnet M, Fig. 3, in connection withbatteries D D, can utilize any desired number of ground connectionsconnected with conductor F. Each controlling magnet-coil or magnet of ablock-section is therefore energized in an ordinary metallic circuitembracing both lines of rails, also in an independent metallic circuitembracing one line of rails and conductor F or F and in a ground-circuitwith multiple ground connections. It is evident that with such circuitsthe resistance and retardation offered to the battery-current will begreatly reduced and the current-flow between the rails and the earthreduced to a minimum, and thereby enable the rails to be used for longersignalcircuits and better working circuits provided than is possiblewith the ordinary track-circuit. They will also positively cause adanger-signal to be given when a rail is removed or broken in a line ofrails of a block-section.

Compound magnet N, Fig. 4, upon a locomotive consists of lever moved inone direction by coils n a of an electromagnet and in the oppositedirection by coils a" 2'1 of another ele'ctromagnet and successivelycontacting with stops q q. Coils n n are connected by wires 15 16 withwheels G G of front and rear trucks of tenderP or adjacent car Q, andsaid wheels are insulated from each other. In order that each coil n andn of said magnet may be operated in connection with wires F and F andtheir ground connections (shown in Fig. 6) in an independent metallicand ground circuit, it is necessary to connect said coils n 01. or thewire 20, connecting them, by wires 17 and 18 to the metal portion of thelocomotive L or to any other suitable portion of the rolling equipment,and wires f f must then be respectively connected with wires F F at thepoints shown in Fig. 6 where wire eis connected with said wires, so asto form thereby connection with rails R R, batteries D D D"D and wires FF and ground connections E, the current of said batteries being at thesame time shunted from coils a n upon locomotive and from magnet M, Fig.1, M, Fig. 2, or magnets M M Fig. 3, along the permanent way by thewheels and axles of locomotive in connection with rails R R or R R.Simultaneously with the energizing of magnet M along the permanent Wayin Fig. 1 the coils w a of magnet N on locomotive will also be fullyenergized by current of batteries D D D D flowing momentarily betweenrails R" R" and R R over wheels G G and Wires 15 and 16 in an ordinarymetallic circuit, and each coil n and n is also in an independentmetallic and ground circuit by flowing over wires 17 and 18, locomotiveL, rails R R and batteries D D D D of section B, ground connections E,wires F F, and ground connections E, thereby causing lever 12 to contactwith stop q and current of battery H to flow over incandescent lamp 1and giving a safety-signal on the locomotive until lever 19 is attractedby coils 4 12, n energized by battery H through circuit-closer J,operated by the engineer, or such circuit can be automatically closed bymeans of the heat of the signal-lamp I operating on a thermostat or byany other suitable means. The pressure-spring 70, which rests upon thelever 12, prevents it being moved by the jar of the locomotive from theposition it is last placed and while said coils are deenergized. Whenwheels G G and axles g g bridge rails RR and R R Fig. 1, they will shuntresistances K K and enable coils mm of relay M, Fig. 1, and coils n n ofrelay N, Fig. 3, to be energized, the coils n n being then in a branchor shunt with coils m m. Coil 72 when thus energized will be in anindependent metallic and ground circuit embracing battery-cells D D,rails R, wire 3, rail R, Wheels Gr, wire 15, wire 17, locomotive L,rails R battery-cells D D, wire f, thence via wire a, Fig. 6, to andover wire F to wire f at end (0 and also over ground connections E andE. Coil n when thus energized will be in an independent metallic andground circuit embracing batteries D D, rails R locomotive L, wire 18,wire 16, wheels G, rail R wire 4, rails R, wire 1, battery-cells D Dwire f, to and over Wire F and wire. a, Fig. 6, at end a to and overwire f and also over ground connections E and E. Should a safety-signalbe seen along railway or upon locomotive before it reaches rails R* R RR, the engineer will know that lever l of magnet M has stuck to stop Sor lever p of magnet N has stuck to stop 9, or that the signal mechanismis out of order. It is therefore obvious that under this system anengineer cannot be misled by an improper signal given by a defectiverelay-magnet or defective signal mechanism.

In Fig. 5 the signal circuit embracing lamp 1 and battery H onlocomotive is controlled by two levers p p of two compound magnets whichare moved in one direction between stops 1 q and 9 g by coils 12. aconnected together by wire 21 and with portion of locomotive L by Wires17 and 18, and the said levers are moved in the opposite direction bybattery H and circuit-closer J. The magnet 11; when energized will be inthe same metallic and ground circuit as coil 01 in Fig. 4, and magnet awill be in the same metallic and ground circuit as coil 41 of saidfigure, and both magnets 02, 017 will be in a branch or shunt with coilsof relays M M Fig. 3. The wires 3 and 4 in Fig. 2 can also berespectively connected with rails R R.

I do not confine myself to the operation of controlling magnet ormagnets on the locomotive or other portion of the rolling equipment inmultiple with controlling magnet or magnets on the permanent way, as itor they can be operated independently thereof in connection with theportion of guard-circuit on permanent way, consisting of insulated railsR R R R of section B, rails R R of section A, sectional generators D D DD, and the grounded conductors F F, as herein described.

I do not confine myself to the employment of ordinary relays withneutral armatures with the guard-circuits herein shown and described, aspolarized relays can be substituted and employed, and especially wheretwo relays are requiredl 1 do not confine myself to the employment ofconductors F F,with or Without the ground connections to theguard-circuits herein shown and described, as they are applicable to anysuitable guard or metallic circuit or circuits.

1 do not confine myself to the operation of each guard or track circuit,by an independent sectional generator, as herein shown and described, asany number of such circuits can be charged by a single suitablesectional generator.

I do not confine myself to the circuit-closer, consisting of rails R R RR bridged by wheels G G, in connection with controlling IIO magnet ormagnets on the rolling equipment in connection with sectional generatorand grounded conductors F F on the permanent way, as two oppositeinsulated rails in connection with wheels G G or any other suitablecircuit-closer can be employed therewith.

It is obvious that each relay M and M Fig. 3, or magnet n and a, Fig. 5,can operate an independent signal-circuit and signal instead of the samesignal 0 or I.

I employ the term guard-circuit to indicate a primary or main circuitwhich embraces a relay or relays or electro magnet or magnets energizedby the current of a generator included in a track or any other metalliccircuit of a block-section which is under the control of a train or whenincluded in a primary circuit having a circuit-controller operated by arailway-switch, drawbridge, or Signalman, such relay or relayscontrolling a secondary or signal circuit or magnet or magnets directlycontrolling a signal along the permanent way or a signal or other deviceupon the rolling equipment.

hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. Thecombination of a track circuit formed of two lines of rails of a sectionof track having a suitable source of electricity connected to one end ofthe said rails, and a controlling-magnet with two coils connected toother end of said rails, of two conductors extending along said circuitand connected with ground connections and the said trackcircuit at itsopposite ends, so as to afford two additional metallic circuits oneincluding one coil of said magnet, a line of rails and one of saidconductors, the other circuit including the other coil of said magnet, aline of rails and the other of said conductors, and in addition theretotwo independent ground-circuits formed over the two sides oftrack-circuit and the said ground connections, as and for the purposeset forth.

2. The combination of a track circuit formed of two lines of rails of asection of track having a suitable source of electricity connected toone end of the said rails, and two controlling-magnets connected toother end of said rails, of two conductors extending along said circuitand connected with ground connections and the said track-circuit at itsopposite ends, so as to afford two additional metallic circuits, oneincluding a magnet, a line of rails and one of said conductors, theother circuit including the other magnet, a line of rails and the otherof said conductors, and in addition thereto, two independent ground.-cireuits formed over the two sides of trackcircuit and the said groundconnections, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an electric railway signal system, the combination with aguard-circuit having aportion thereof upon the rolling equipmentconsisting of a controlling-magnet with two coils,

terminating in wheels of different trucks, insulated from each other inthe rolling equipment and the other portion of said circuit being uponthe permanent Way and consisting of the two lines of rails of asectionof track having a sectional generator connected at one end thereof andinsulated rails or sections of rail at the opposite end and adapted tocomplete said circuit when bridged by insulated wheels, of twoconductors, extending along said circuit and connected with groundconnections, and having connections taken at points between the sectionsof generator and connections between the said magnet-coils and thelocomotive so as to aiford connection with ground connections and saidtwo conductors via the batteries and rails of the section of track uponwhich the locomotive is moving and thereby providing two additionalmetallic circuits, one circuit including a magnet-coil, a line of railsand one of said conductors, the other circuit including the othermagnet-coil, a line of rails and the other of said conductors, and inaddition thereto, two independent ground-circuits formed over the twosides of track-circuit and the said ground connections as and for thepurpose set forth.

4. In an electric railway signal system, the combination with aguard-circuit having a portion thereof upon the rolling equipmentconsisting of two controlling-magnets terminating in wheels of differenttrucks insulated from each other, and the other portion of said circuitconsisting of the two lines of rails of a section of track having asectional generator connected at one end thereof and insulated rails orsections of rail at the opposite end and adapted to complete saidcircuit when bridged by said insulated wheels, of two conductorsextending along said circuit and connected with ground connections, andhaving connections taken at points between the sections of generator andconnections between the said magnets and the locomotive so as to affordconnection with ground connections and said two conductors via thebatteries and rails of the section of track upon which the locomotive ismoving and thereby providing two additional metallic circuits, onecircuit including a magnet, a line of rails and one of said conductors,the other circuit including the other magnet, a line of rails and theother of said conductors, and in addition thereto, two independentground-circuits formed over the two sides of track-circuit and the saidground connections, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination with a guard-circuit having a sectional generator andtwo controlling magnet-coils at opposite ends thereof, of two groundedconductors extending along the said circuit and connected therewith atpoints between said coils and sections of generator so as to afford twoadditional-metallic circuits and two ground-circuits, each including amag- ITO net-coil, one leg of the guard-circuit and one of the saidgrounded conductors.

6. The combination with a guard-circuit having a sectional generator andtwo controlling-magnets at opposite ends thereof, of two groundedconductors extending along the said circuit and connected therewith atpoints between said magnets and sections of generator so as to affordtwo additional metallic circuits and two ground-circuits, eachincludinga magnet, one leg of the guard-circuit and one of the saidgrounded conductors.

7. The combination with a guard-circuit having two lines of rails of ablock-section with a sectional generator and two controllingmagnet-coils at opposite ends thereof, of two conductors extending alongthe said circuit and connected therewith at points between sections ofgenerator and with ground connections, connections taken between saidcoils and the locomotive so as to afford connection with groundconnections and said two conductors via the batteries and rails of thesection of track upon which the locomotive is moving and therebyproviding two additional metallic circuits and two ground-circuits, eachincluding a magnet-coil, a line of rails and one of the said groundedconductors.

8. The combination with a guard-circuit having two lines of rails of ablock-section with a sectional generator and two controlling-magnets atopposite ends thereof, of two conductors extending along the saidcircuit and connected therewith at points between sections of generatorand with ground connections, connections taken between said magnets andthe locomotive so as to afford connection with ground connections andsaid two conductors via the batteries and rails of the section of trackupon which the locomotive is moving and thereby providing two additionalmetallic and two ground circuits each including a magnet, a line ofrails and one of the said grounded conductors.

9. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit having a sectionalgenerator and two controlling magnet coils at opposite ends thereof, oftwo conductors extending along said circuit and connectedtherewith atpoints between said coils and sections of generator, so as to afford twoadditional metallic circuits, each including a magnet-coil, one leg ofthe guard-circuit and one of the said conductors.

10. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit having a sectionalgenerator and two controlling-magnets at opposite ends thereof,

of two conductors extending along said circuit and connected therewithat points between said magnets and sections of generator, so as toafford two additional metallic circuits each including a magnet, one legof the guard-circuit and one of said conductors.

11. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit, formed of twosectional lines of rails, of a block-section having a sectionalgenerator and two controlling magnet-coils at on posite ends thereof, oftwo conductors extending along the said circuit and connected therewithat points between said coils and sections of generator, so as to affordtwo additional metallic circuits, each including amagnet-coil, a line ofrails and one of said conductors.

12. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit, formed of twosectional lines of rails, of a block-section, having a sectionalgenerator and two controlling-magnets at opposite ends thereof, of twoinsulated conductors extending along the said circuit and connectedtherewith at points between said magnets and sections of generator, soas to afford two additional metallic circuits, each including a magnet,a line of rails and one of said conductors.

13. The combination with a guard-circuit formed of two controllingmagnet-coils connected to two insulated rails or sections of rail,following one another, in one line of rails a sectional generatorconnected to two opposite rails or sections of rail, following oneanother, in the other line of rails and wheels and axles of differenttrucks of the rolling equipment, which when bridging the said fourinsulated rails complete the said guard circuit, of two groundedconductors along the said circuit and connected therewith at pointsbetween said coils and sections of generator and also with groundconnections so as to afiord two additional metallic and two groundcircuits, each including a magnet-coil, two opposite insulated rails,wheels and axles of one truck, a leg of the guard-circuit and one ofsaid grounded conductors.

14. The combination with a guard-circuit formed of twocontrolling-magnets connected to two insulated rails or sections of railfollowing one another in one line of rails, a sectional generatorconnected to two opposite insulated rails or sections of rail followingone another in the other line of rails, and wheels and axles ofdifferent trucks of the rolling equipment, which when bridging the saidfour insulated rails complete the said circuit, of two groundedconductors extending along the said circuit and connected therewith atpoints between said magnets and sections of generator and also withground connect1ons, so as to afford two additional metallic and twoground r circuits, each including a magnet, two opposite insulatedrails, wheels and axles of one truck, a leg of the guard-circuit and oneof said grounded conductors.

15. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit formed of twocontrolling magnetcoils along the permanent way and connected to twoinsulated rails or sections of rail following one another in one line ofrails, a blocksection of railway-track, a sectional generator connectedto the opposite lines of rails thereof at one end of said block-sectionand two opposite insulated rails or sections of rail following one,another in the other line of rails connected to the said lines of railsat the opposite 'end of said block-section, and wheels and axles ofdifferent trucks of the rolling equipment, which when bridging the saidfour insulated rails complete the said guard-circuit, of two groundedconductors extending along the said circuit, and connected therewith atpoints between said coils and sections of generator and also with groundconnections, so as to afford two additional metallic circuits, and twoground-circuits, each including a magnet-coil, two opposite insulatedrails, wheels and axles of one truck, a sectional line of track-rails,and one of said grounded conductors.

16, The combination with a guard-circuit, formed of twocontrolling-magnets along the permanent way, and connected to twoinsulated rails or sections of rail following one another in one line ofrails, a block-section of railway, a sectional generator connected tothe opposite lines of rails of said block-section at one end thereof,two opposite insulated rails or sections of rail following one anotherin the other line of rails connected to the said lines of rails at theopposite end of said blocksection and wheels and axles of differenttrucks of the rolling equipment which when bridging the said fourinsulated rails, complete the said guard-circuit, of two groundedconductors along the said circuit, and connected therewith at pointsbetween said magnets and said sections of generator and also with groundconnections, so as to afford two additional metallic and two groundcircuits each including amagnet, two opposite insulated rails, wheelsand axles of one truck, a sectional line of trackrails and one of saidgrounded conductors.

17. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit formed of twocontrolling magnetcoils along the permanent way connected to twoinsulated rails or sections of rail following one another in one line ofrails, a sectional generator connected to two opposite insulated railsor sections of rail following one another in the other line of rails,and wheels and axles of different trucks of the rolling equipment, whichwhen bridging the said four insulated rails complete the said circuit,of two conductors extending along said guard-circuit and connectedtherewith at points between said coils and sections of generator, so asto afford two additional metallic circuits, each including amagnet-coil, two opposite insulated rails, wheels and axles of onetruck, a leg of the guard-circuit and one of said conductors.

18. The combination witha guard or metallic circuit formed of twocontrolling-magnets along the permanent way, and connected to twoinsulated rails or sections of rail following one another in one line ofrails, asectional generator connected to two opposite insulated rails orsections of rail following one another in the other line of rails, andwheels and axles of different trucks of the rolling equipment,

which when bridging the said four insulated rails complete said circuit,of two conductors along the said guard -circuit and connected therewithat points between said magnets and sections of generator, so as toafford two additional metallic circuits, each including a magnet, twoopposite insulated rails, wheels and axles of one truck, a sectionalline of rails and one of said conductors.

19. The combination with a guard-circuit having a controlling-magnetconnected with said circuit at one end and normally inoperative, and agenerator at the opposite end thereof, of resistances interposed in saidcircuit and four insulated rails or short sections of rails, over whichsaid resistances are shortcircuited when said rails are bridged bywheels and axles of different trucks of the rolling equipment and themagnet thereby energized and a signal given.

20. The combination with a guard or metallic circuit having two lines ofrails of ablocksection of track, with two controlling-magnets connectedtherewith at one end and normally inoperative and a generator at theopposite end thereof, of resistances interposed in said circuit andfourinsulated rails or short sections of rails over which saidresistances are short-circuited when said rails are bridged by wheelsand axles of different trucks of the rolling equipment and the twomagnetsthereby energized and a signal given.

21. The combination with a guard-circuit having two lines of rails of ablock-section of track, with two controlling magnet-coils connectedtherewith at one end and normally inoperative, a sectional generator atthe opposite end thereof, of two grounded conductors extending along thesaid circuit, connected at points between the sections of said generatorand magnet-coils and also with ground connections, of resistancesinterposed in said circuit and four insulated rails or short sections ofrails over which said resistances are shortcircuited, when said railsare bridged by wheels and axles of different trucks of the rollingequipment and the magnet thereby energized by the ordinary guard-circuitand two additional metallic and ground circuits, each including amagnet-coil, a sectional line of track-rails, two insulated rails,wheels and axles of one truck, and one of said grounded conductors.

22. The combination with a guard-circuit, having two lines of rails of ablock-section of track, with two controlling-magnets connected therewithat one end and normally inoperative, and a sectional generator at theopposite end thereof, of two grounded conductors extending along thesaid circuit, connected at points between the sections of said generatorand magnets and also with ground connections, of resistances interposedin said circuit'and four insulated rails or short sections of rails overwhich said resistances are short-circuited too when said rails arebridged by wheels and axles of different trucks of the rolling equipmentand the magnets thereby energized by the ordinary guard-circuit and twoadditional metallic and ground circuits, each including a magnet, asectional line of track-rails, wheels and axles of one truck, and one ofsaid grounded conductors.

23. The combination with a guard-circuit having a portion thereof uponthe rolling equipment and including two controlling magnet-coilsterminating in wheels of different trucks, insulated from each other inthe rolling equipment and a portion thereof upon the permanent way,including two lines of rails of a track-section, connected at one endwith a sectional generator and at opposite end with insulated railslocated ahead of said tracksection, of two independent metallic and twoground circuits formed over connections with two metallicreturn-conductors and ground connections at its opposite ends taken atpoints respectively between the sections of generator and between themagnet-coils upon the rolling equipment and the locomotive so as to formconnection with ground connections via batteries and rails of thesection of track upon which the locomotive is moving.

24. The combination with a guard-circuit having a portion thereof uponthe rolling equipment and including two controllingmagnets terminatingin wheels of different trucks insulated from each other in the rollingequipment and a portion thereof upon the permanent way, including twolines of rails of a track-section, connected at one end with a sectionalgenerator and at opposite end with insulated rails located ahead of saidtrack-section, of two independent metallic and two ground circuitsformed over connections with two metallic return-conductors and groundconnections at its opposite ends at points respectively between sectionsof generator and between the magnets upon the rolling equip: ment andthe locomotive so as to form connection with ground connections viabatteries and rails of the section of track upon which the locomotive ismoving.

25. The combination with a guard-circuit having a portion thereof uponthe rolling equipment including two controlling magnetcoils andterminating in wheels of difierent trucks, insulated from each other inthe rolling equipment, and a portion thereof along the permanent way,including sectional lines of rails R, R, of block-section, A, which areconnected at one end with a sectional generator and at the opposite endwith insulated rails R, R, of adjacent section B, of two groundedconductors, F, F, extending along the railway and connected at pointsbetween the sections of generators connected with rails of sections Aand B, and independent connection 17 and 18, between the saidcontrolling magnet-coils and the locomotive or other portion of therolling equipment so as to form connection with ground connections viabatteries and rails of the section of track upon which the locomotive ismoving, so that when said insulated rails R R, are bridged by the saidwheels G, G, both magnet-coils will be in a complete metallic circuitembracing the two lines of rails, R, R, of section A, and each coil willbe in an additional metallic and ground circuit embracing a line ofrails of section A, locomotiveL, a portion of a line of rails of sectionB, and one of said grounded conductors.

26. The combination with a guard-circuit having a portion thereof uponthe rolling equipment, including two controlling-magnets and terminatingin wheels of different trucks, insulated from each other in the rollingequipment, and a portion thereof along the permanent way, includingsectional lines of rails, R, R, of block-section, A, which are connectedat one end with a sectional generator and at the opposite end withinsulated rails R R, of adjacent section B, of two grounded conductors,F, F, extending along the railway and connected at points between thesections of generators connected with rails of sectionsA and B, andindependent connections 17 and 18, between the said controlling-magnetsand the locomotive or other portion of the rolling equipment so as toform connection with ground connections via batteries and rails of thesection of track upon which the locomotive is moving, so that when saidinsulated rails R R are bridged by said wheels G, G, both magnets willbe in a complete metallic circuit embracing the two lines of rails R, R,of section A and each magnet will be in an additional metallic andground circuit embracing a line of rails of section A, locomotive L, aportion of line of rails of section B and one of said groundedconductors.

27. The combination of two controlling magnet-coils on the rollingequipment, terminating in wheels of different trucks insulated from eachother in the rolling equip ment, independent connections taken frombetween said magnet-coils with another portion of the rolling equipmentso as to form connection with two conductors extending along the railwayvia the batteries and rails of the section of track upon which saidrolling equipment is moving, two lines of rails of a section of trackhaving a sectional generator and said conductors connected thereto atone end and short sections of insulated rails connected thereto at theopposite end and adapted to form a circuit-closer in connection with thesaid insulated wheels, and arranged so that both said magnet-coils willbe in a metallic circuit embracing two lines of rails of a section oftrack and each coil will be in an independent metallic circuit embracinga line of rails and one of said conductors.

28. The combination of two controllingmagnets on the rolling equipment,terminatis. v A

ing in wheels of different trucks insulated from each other in therolling equipment, independent connections taken from between saidmagnets with another portion of the rolling equipment, so as to formconnection with the conductors extending along the railway via thebatteries and rails of the section of track upon which said. portion ofthe rolling equipment is moving two lines of rails of a section of trackhaving a sectional generator and said conductors connected thereto atone end and short sections of insulated rails connected thereto at theopposite end and adapted to form a circuit-closer in connection with thesaid insulated wheels, and arranged so that both magnets will be in ametallic circuit embracing two lines of rails of a section of track andeach magnet will be in an independent metallic circuit, embracing a lineof rails and one of said conductors.

29: The combination with a controlling device on the rolling equipmentof actuatingcoils therefor, and terminating in wheels of the rollingequipment which are insulated from one another, four insulated rails orshort sections of rails opposite each other in the two lines of rails ofa railway-track a generator along the permanent way connected with twoor all of said insulated rails or sections of rail, which when bridgedby said wheels complete a guard-circuit for actuating the controllingdevice in one direction, of a generator, circuit-closer andactuating-coils upon the rolling equipment for actuating the said devicein an opposite direction as set forth.

30. The combination with a controlling de vice on the rolling equipmentof actuatingcoils therefor, and terminating in the wheels of the rollingequipment, insulated from one another, four insulated rails or shortsections of rails opposite each other in the two lines of rails of arailway-track a block-section of railway-track having its opposite linesof rails connected at one end to a generator and at the opposite end totwo insulated rails or sections of rail, which when bridged by the saidwheels will complete a guard-circuit for actuating the controllingdevice in one direction, of a generator, circuit-closer andactuating-coils upon the rolling equipment for actuating said device inan opposite direction as set forth.

31. The combination with a controlling device on the rolling equipment,of actuatingcoils therefor, and terminating in the wheels of the rollingequipment, insulated from one another, a block-section A ofrailway-track having its opposite lines of rails connected at one end toa sectional generator and at the opposite end to insulated rails orsections of rail of adjacentsection B, independent connections betweenthe said actuating-coils and the locomotive or other portion of therolling equipment so as to form connection with ground connections viabatteries and rails of the section of track upon which the locomotive ismoving, two grounded conductors extending along the railway andconnected at points between the sections of generators of adjacentblock-sections A and B, so that when said insulated rails are bridged bysaid insulated wheels the said actuating-coils will be energized by anordinary guard or track circuit and each coil or coils will also be inan additional metallic and ground circuit embracing one line of rails ofthe guard-circuit and one of said grounded conductors, and therebyactuating said controlling device in one direction, of a generator,circuit-closer and actuating-coils upon the rolling equipment foractuating the said device in an opposite direction as set forth.

32. The combination with guardcircuits formed over sectional lines ofrails of consecutive block-sections, each circuit having two lines ofrails, a sectional generator connected therewith at one end and twocontrolling magnet-coils on the permanent way at the opposite end, ofconnections taken from points respectively between the sections ofgenerator and between said magnet coils with two grounded conductorsextending along a railway, so as to form two additional metallic and twoground circuits, one for each magnet-coil.

33. The combination with guard-circuits formed over sectional lines ofrails of consecutive block-sections, each circuit having two lines ofrails, a sectional generator connected therewith at one end and twocontrolling-magnets on the permanent way at the opposite end, ofconnections taken at points respectively between the sections ofgenerator and between the said magnets with two grounded conductorsextending along a railway, so as to form two additional metallic and twoground circuits, one for each magnet.

34. The combination with guard-circuits formed over sectional lines ofrails of consecutive block-sections, each circuit having two lines ofrails, a sectional generator connected therewith at one end andinsulated rails or sections of rail at the opposite end, two controllingmagnet-coils on the rolling equipment and terminating in wheels Gr, G,of different trucks insulated from one another in the rolling equipment,of connections taken from points respectively between the sections ofgenerator with two grounded conductors extending along railway andconnections between said magnet-coils on the rolling equipment, with aportion of the rolling equipment, so as to form connection with saidgrounded conductors via batteries and rails of the section of track uponwhich said portion of the rolling equipment is moving so that when saidinsulated rails are bridged by said insulated wheels, a guard-circuitwill be completed over the two magnet-coils and an additional metallicand ground circuit will be formed over each magnet-coil.

35. The combination with guard-circuits formed over sectional lines ofrails of consecutive block-sections, each circuit having two lines ofrails, a sectional generator connected therewith at one end andinsulated rails or sections of rail at the opposite end, twocontrolling-magnets on the rolling equipment and terminating in wheelsof different trucks insulated from one another in the rolling equipment,of connections taken from points respectively between the sections ofgenerator with two grounded conductors extending along railway andbetween said magnets on the rolling equipment, with a portion of therolling equipment, so as to form connection with said groundedconductors via batteries and rails of the section of track upon whichsaid rolling equipment is moving, so that when said insulated rails arebridged by said insulated wheels, a guard-circuit will becompleted overthe two magnets, and an additional metallic and ground circuit will beformed over each magnet.

36. The combination with a railway-signal guard-circuit on the permanentway, consist-- ing of two controlling magnet-coils or magnets, two linesof rails of a block-section, a sectional generator, two groundedconductors connected with said circuit at points between the sections ofgenerator and between said magnet-coils or magnets, of a track-circuitcloser adapted to establish a shunt or branch around said magnet-coils,or magnets and a partial circuit on the rolling equipment, containingtwo controlling magnet-coils terminating in wheels adapted to includethe latter-named coils in the shunt or branch, and having connectionsbetween the said coils and the locomotive or other portion of therolling equipment so as to form connection with said grounded conductorsvia batteries and rails of the section of track upon which thelocomotive is moving, substantially as shown and described.

37. The combination with a'railway-signal guard-circuit on the permanentway, consisting of two controlling magnet-coils or magnets, two lines ofrails of a block-section, a sectional generator, two grounded conductorsconnected with said circuit at points between the sections of generatorand between said magnet-coils or magnets, of a track-circuit closeradapted to establish a shunt or branch around said magnet-coils ormagnets, and a partial circuit on the rolling equipment, containing twocontrolling-magnets terminating in wheels adapted to include thelatter-named magnets in the shunt or branch, and having connectionsbetween the said magnets and the locomotive or other portion of therolling I equipment so as to form connection with said two groundedconductors via batteries and rails of the section of track upon whichthe locomotive is moving, substantially as shown and described.

38. The combination of a partial guard-circuit on the rolling equipmentcontaining magnet-coils n, n, of controlling-magnet N, and terminatingin wheels G, G, of difiierent trucks of the rolling equipment, with aguardcircuit along the permanent way consisting of rails R, R, ofsection A, connected at one end with a sectional generator, and at theother end with insulated rails R R R*, R, of section B, resistances K,K, and two coils of controlling-magnet M, normally inoperative, and twogrounded conductors F, F, connected with sectional generators ofsections A and B and with points between the coils of magnet M,independent connections 17, 18, between the said magnet-coils, or, n,and'the locomotive L, so as to form connection with the said groundedconductors via the batteries and track-rails R R of section of trackBSO' that when locomotive L bridges rails R R of section B, andinsulated wheels G, G, and

axles g, 9, bridge insulated rails R, R, R, R said resistances will beshunted and both coils of magnets M and N will be energized in aguard-circuit and each coil of said magnets in an additional metallicand ground circuit as set forth,

39. The combination of a partial guard-circuit on the rolling equipmentcontaining magnet-coils n, n, of controlling-magnet, N, and terminatingin wheels G, G, of different trucks of the rolling equipment, with aguardcircuit along the permanent way consisting of rails R, R, ofsection A, connected at one end with sectional generator, and at theother end with insulated rails R, R, of section B, and two coils ofcontrolling magnet M normally energized, and two grounded conductors F,F, extending along the railway and connected with sectional generatorsof sections A and B, and with points between coils of magnet Mindependent connections 17 18, between the said magnet-coil's, n, n, andthe locomotive, L, so as to form connection with the said groundedconductors via the batteries and track-rails R R of section of track Bso that when locomotive L bridges rai'ls R R of section B, and insulatedwheels G, G, bridge insulated rails R R both coils of magnet N will alsobe energized in a gua'r'd-' circuit, and each coil in an independent metallic and ground circuit. I

40. The combination with the sectional generators respectively connectedwith the sec tional lines of rails of consecutive block-sew tions, 0fconnections taken at points between the sections-of generators with twogrounded conductors extending along a railway as and for the purpose setforth.

41. The combination with the sectional gen erators respectivelyconnected with the sectional lines of rails of consecutiveblock-sections of connections taken at points between the sections ofgenerators with two metallic 1 return-conductors extending along arailway substantially as shown and described.

IIO

42. The combination, with the two lines of rails, R R of ablock-section, of a guard-circuit, consisting of a line B, of saidrails, and an independent metallic return, F, havingagenerator D, D, atone end and a signal-controlling magnet M at the opposite end,substantially as set forth.

43. The combination with the two lines of rails R R of a block-section,of a guard-circuit, consisting of aline R, of said rails, and anindependent grounded metallic return, F, having a generator D, D, at oneend and a signalcontrolling magnet, M at the opposite end substantiallyas set forth.

14. The combination, with the two lines of rails R R of a block-section,of a guard-circuit consisting of a lineR of said rails and anindependent metallic return, F, having at one end a generator, D D, andat the opposite end two opposite insulated rails, R, R of precedingblock-section, B, signal-controlling magnet, it, upon the locomotive,terminating by wire, 15, with insulated wheels, G, of the rollingequipment and by wire 17 with the locomotive, L, so as to formconnection with the said metallic return by the battery and rails of thesection of track, B, upon which the locomotive is moving, when saidinsulated rails are bridged by said insulated wheels as set forth.

45. The combination with the two lines of rails, R, R, of ablock-section, of a guard-circuit consisting of a line, B, of said railsand an independent grounded metallic return, F, having at one end agenerator D D and at the opposite end, two opposite insulated rails, R,R of preceding block-section, B, signal-controlling magnet, n upon thelocomotive, terminating, by wire, 15, with insulated wheels, Gr, and bywire, 17, with the locomotive, L, so as to form connection with saidgrounded metallic return by the battery and rails of the section oftrack, B, upon which the locomotive is moving, when said insulated railsare bridged by said insulated wheels as set forth.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, this 29th day of September, A. D. 1902.

HENRY W. SPANG.

Witnesses:

J. GALLWITZ, E. L. LAWLER.

